Challenges faced by the People of Community Sample for Students

Question: Discuss about the Social Work Practice. Answer: Introduction Communities, individuals and families are often faced with some challenges which affect the quality of their life. One of the most common challenges that face people is the inability to afford essential services. Apart from the ability to afford; these services could be unavailable. These trends are very common in especially developing countries and Poverty is the most common reason for this trend. If people cannot get basic services such as healthcare, the quality of life also affected. There often some vulnerable groups in the society including children, the old and women. These categories of people are the most affected in case of any challenges in their communities. They are prone to neglect, deprivation of essential services among other crucial services. That is where the role of as social worker comes in (Allen,2012) A social worker is, therefore, a person whose sole concern is to help individuals, communities, groups and families to enhance their welfare by helping them acquir e necessary skills and ability to use personal and community resources to provide solutions to their challenges. Social work practice, therefore, means the practical application of theories and methods of social service by social work professionals, to intervene, access, diagnose and prevent social problems for individuals, families groups, organizations including, neglect, domestic violence and drug and substance abuse (Agnew,2014) This essay provides an analysis of domestic violence, its ethical principles and potential moral issue and dilemmas My main area of interest in social work practice has been an issue to do with domestic violence. Domestic violence is said to have occurred in a situation where one partner in an intimate relationship willfully intimidates, assaults, batter and abuse the other with intent to gain control over them .cases of domestic violence are very prevalent in the modern society and are not a persevere for any gender. Although many tend to associate domestic violence with major women, the assumption that it is only women who usually gets assaulted is wrong because even men get attacked, only that the reported cases have always remained (low Cook, 2009). However, the prevalence of domestic violence cases perpetrated by men against women are higher than those perpetrated by women against men, and for that reason, social workers tend to majorly focus on women and children because they are the most affected There is, however, no uniformity in the cases of domestic violence. In some cases, it might be more severe and prevalent while in others it might be less severe and less widespread but the primary motive remains constant efforts by one partner to gain absolute control and power over the other. The term is also broadly defined to include other members of the family besides intimate partners such parents, siblings and children among others. Instances of domestic violence are also existent in all communities, cultures, countries, religious denominations, age groups and among people with different levels of income, levels of education, living in rural or urban areas and even among people with different sexual orientations. Apart from married couples, the unmarried, divorced, homosexual, heterosexual and cohabiting couple also experiences domestic violence (Bashall, Hague Mullender, 2011). Advocacy against Domestic violence can be traced back to the year between the 1960s and 1970 with the introduction of feminist movements to advocate for human rights. Domestic violence against women at that time became common because woken had started gaining ground. What resulted was the formation of battered women movement which was triggered by the current social movements of the time such as womens health, anti-rape and womens liberation movements. The first women shelter was established by Erin Pizzey in Chiswick, England to take care of domestically abused women. This became the first internationally recognized women shelter. It was followed by other Battered women shelters in parts of United States of America such as Boston and Massachusetts as the cases of women battering became widespread (Roberts,2007). Social has been of primary importance in providing support to the victims of domestic violence for some years in these shelters, courtrooms and emergency rooms. Regarding ca re of domestic abuse victims, social work focuses on empowering abused women economically and psychologically. One fact remains that however, the cases of domestic abuse might be prevalent among some women, they find it hard to have control over their lives and sometimes they may tend to hold on to their abusive relationships because of their powerless nature. Women are the most impoverished people in many societies and because of this factor; they have no voice in the situations that affect them. This is where the role of women comes in to try and empower them to reduce the prevalence of domestic abuse against women (Directory of battered women's shelters in the U.S., 2008). Domestic abuse comes in various forms. Physical abuse is among the most common cases of domestic violence. It involves the use of physical force against a partner through beating; kicking burning etc. Physical abuse can cause death, severe body harm or disability. Sexual violence is also common .This occurs when one person is forced to engage in a sexual act without their consent. Sexual abuse is very common in abusive relationships in which a person might be compelled to engage in sex because of the desire to avoid more harm on them by their partners. Emotional abuse occurs when a person continually demeans the other through constant insults, criticism and humiliation (Bodenheimer, 2016). This is a very complex form of abuse that people may not easily understand and is a characteristic of an unhealthy relationship. Psychological abuse is causing fear in others through threats, intimidation and coercing. It is also common in many relationships and marriages. Social workers play some roles in as far as domestic violence is concerned. They provide direct services to domestic violence victims through shelter programs majorly centered on empowerment and advocacy. They also play a role in civic education that is aimed at reducing cases of domestic violence (Cefrey, 2009). Ethical principles relating to Domestic violence. Ethical principles in this context pertain the rightful conduct of social workers while dealing with victims of social violence. It is concerned with regulating how they deal with such victims. Social workers are obliged to observe the following ethical principles (Sokoloff, 2015). Trust. Being trustworthy is an imperative component of the social work practice. Domestic violence might bring about the need to divulge as much information as possible. In this case, Social workers are supposed to honest in all their dealings with Domestic violence victims. They should operate in an honest, open and reliable way to gain the full trust of such casualties. They are required to explain each decision that they take as well as the intervention strategies that they adopt and avoid any exploitation of their victims through their services (Johnson, 2008). Professionalism. Social workers are also expected to develop professional relationships with their clients. They should not attempt to have control of the lives of such victims but should allow them to make their choices and decisions. Their relationship with the victims should be based on respect, confidentiality, reliability and privacy. Professionalism also requires them to practice effective communication with the victims and adopt a collaborative approach in dealing with the victim's problems (Holland Scourfield, 2015). Providing information, this principle requires social workers to divulge as much information as possible to the victims on the strategies that they intend to use to change the circumstances that are affecting them. Providing information make it possible to make informed decisions and have a chance to willfully consent or dissent (Sutton, 2009). Maintaining Confidentiality, Confidentiality is also a critical principle, through their interaction with Domestic violence victims; Social workers might get hold of very sensitive information from the victim. They have a responsibility for maintaining the confidentiality of such information and only share it out with the consent of the victims to avoid breaching the privacy contract of the victims (McCue, 2008). Upholding and promoting human dignity. Additionally, social workers should be careful how they deal with domestic violence victims. They should always strive to ensure that they support their spiritual integrity, physical, emotional and psychological wellness. For this reason, they should always work to make sure that they seek to avoid further harm to the individuals by promoting the victims best interests (Reamer, 2007). Recognizing individual strengths. While domestic violence victims might have experienced similar problems, possess different attributes and strengths. A Social worker should focus on the identification of these individual strengths and concentrate on empowering them. Using Authority by human rights. Social workers also have the responsibility of ensuring that they use the authority assigned to them responsibly and in an accountable and respectful way. In all their dealings they should ensure that they safeguard the well-being of domestic violence victims and enable them to have as much control over their lives as possible. They should respect the victims choices, wishes and the preferences of such victims and fully involve them in decision making irrespective of the existing circumstances (McCue, 2008). Potential Ethical dilemmas in dealing with Domestic violence victims, an ethical dilemma is defined as a complex situation that often involves two moral imperatives whose obedience might result to some form of transgression. There are many ethical dilemmas that social workers are faced with in dealing with victims of domestic violence. While confidentiality is an important ethical obligation it is also an ethical dilemma experienced by social workers, For example in severe cases of domestic violence especially those that involve severe physical injury such as loss of parts of the body and or burns, the victims might be contemplating on committing suicide due to hopelessness. In such a situation, social workers is faced with the dilemma of observing a code of confidentiality and fail to prevent suicide or break the privacy law and protect the client and the public (Roberts, 2007). Differences in Values and Morals, Social workers are also faced with a dilemma regarding their moral and values and those of the client. Every individual has their sets of values and morals. While social workers are required to control their opinions and feelings while dealing with the client, sometimes they come across situations in which there is a conflict between their moral and values and those of the client. For example, a Christian social worker who believes that it is wrong for people to retaliate may face an ethical dilemma in trying to help a domestic violence victim who wishes to retaliate for the wrong act done against them (Mizrahi,2008). The right to self-determination, the right to self-determination requires social workers to ensure that their clients have control over what happens to their lives. This means that a social worker should not dictate what a client needs to do but should allow them to their decisions on what is best for them. However, a social worker could be faced with an ethical dilemma either to act in the best interest of the client or leave them to respect their right to self-determination and leave them to act in the way that they deem fit (Lundy Lundy, 2011). Conclusion Domestic violence is a serious issue that social workers have to deal with in the course of their practice. This is an issue that dates way back in time and has continued to persist even in the modern times. Anybody in the society can be a victim of domestic violence irrespective of their economic, social or political class. Domestic violence does not only affect the victims but also their families and the society. In their attempt to deal with domestic violence, social workers have to observe certain principles such as the confidentiality of their clients. They are also supposed to ensure that they ensure the best interest of their clients. However, this may hard to achieve sometimes because of the ethical dilemmas that they are likely to face in the course of their practice such as allowing their clients to do what they like and failing to achieve what is best for them. References Allen, M. (2012). Narrative therapy for women experiencing domestic violence: Supporting women's transitions from abuse to safety. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Agnew, E. N. (2014). From charity to social work: Mary E. Richmond and the creation of an American profession. Urbana, [Ill.: University of Illinois Press. Bashall, R., Hague, G., Mullender, A. (2011). Disabled Women and Domestic Violence: Responding to the Experiences of Survivors. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Bodenheimer, D. R. (2016). Real world clinical social work: Find your voice and find your way. Cefrey, H. (2009). Domestic violence. New York, NY: Rosen Pub. Group. Cook, P. W. (2009). Abused men: The hidden side of domestic violence. Westport, Conn: Praeger. Directory of battered women's shelters in the U.S. (2008). New York: iUniverse Holland, S., Scourfield, J. (2015). Social work: A very short introduction. Johnson, M. P. (2008). A typology of domestic violence: Intimate terrorism, violent resistance, and situational couple violence. Boston: Northeastern University Press. Kenney, K. L. (2012). Domestic violence. Edina, Minn: ABDO Pub. Lundy, C., Lundy, C. (2011). Social work, social justice human rights: A structural approach to practice. North York, Ont: University of Toronto Press. McCue, M. L. (2008). Domestic violence: A reference handbook. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO. Mizrahi, T. (2008). Encyclopedia of social work: 4.S - Y, Biographies, Index. Washington, DC [u.a.: NASW. Openshaw, L. (2008). Social work in schools: Principles and practice. New York: Guilford Press. Roberts, A. R. (2007). Battered Women and Their Families. New York: Springer Pub. Co. Reamer, F. G. (2006). Social work values and ethics. New York: Columbia University Press. Sokoloff, N. J. (2015). Domestic violence at the margins: Readings on race, class, gender, and culture. Piscataway, N.J: Rutgers University Press. Sutton, C. A. (2009). Domestic violence: An alternative to domestic violence: prevention and intervention workbook for teens and adults. Bloomington, IN: Xlibris Corp.

Picking Cotton free essay sample

When a traumatic event happens, a multitude of people are affected. In Picking Cotton: Our Memoir of Injustice and Redemption written by Jennifer Thompson-Cannino and Ronald Cotton, the story of Thompson’s rape and Cotton’s conviction is unraveled through the perspective of both authors. The emotions that both Thompson and Cotton endure in the aftermath of the rape are shown with the alternation of speaker. With the change in speaker in each part of the book, the read gets to see the most significant part of the person’s life. The memoir begins with Thompson’s rape, in the perspective of her. Telling the horror of Thompsons experience strengths the reader’s sympathy towards her as pathos dominates the first section of the novel. Being inside Thompson’s mind and knowing her strength throughout the crime acts as a characterization method for Thompson. Since the novel is nonfiction, the typical characterization methods used in other novels are not possible. We will write a custom essay sample on Picking Cotton or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Knowing how Thompson thinks and feels creates traits for her which later makes her conviction of Cotton understandable. The transition to Cotton during his time in prison enlightens the reader on Cotton’s life and also his innocence. An inside look of what a double life sentence can take from an honest man is shown as Cotton reveals his hardships during his memoir. Again pathos was used, showing the struggles and confrontation Cotton faces during his imprisonment. The theme of forgiveness results after Cotton’s perspective and thoughts are expressed and he chooses to forgive Thompson for her mistake. Having multiple speakers in the novel also has its disadvantages. By changing perspectives from Thompson to Cotton, the reader is neglected the others thoughts during a certain time. While Cotton tells of his prison time, the read does not know how Thompson is the novel during this time. When the novel changes speakers back to Thompson she is married with children. There is a missing gap of time the reader never knows about. The reader also misses out on Cottons reunion with his community and friends. During times when both Cotton and Thompson are together, only one person’s thoughts are shown, blinding the reader to how the other person feels and what they are thinking. The authors’ choice to share both of their stories in one novel had both advantages and disadvantages. While the different point of views showed how both Jennifer Thompson and Ronald Cotton were victims as a result of the crime committed by Booby Poole, the reader did not always get the full story of both speakers. Overall, the structure of the novel was strong and made a momentous impact on the reader and accomplished its goal of bringing awareness to wrongful imprisonment and also to forgiveness.

Stem Cell Research and a Ban on Human Cloning stem Essay Example For Students

Stem Cell Research and a Ban on Human Cloning stem Essay argumentative persuasive Stem Cell Research and a Ban on Human Cloning Some biotechnology companies claim that a ban on producing human embryos through cloning would stall important research in generating stem cells to cure a variety of diseases Cong. Record, 2/5/98, S425. To put this claim in perspective: 1. Cloning is desired as a source of customized stem cell lines which would be an exact genetic match to each individual patient with a given disease. But this would require each individual patient to undergo somatic cell nuclear transfer to produce one or many living human embryos who genetically are the patients identical twin sisters or brothers. We will write a custom essay on Stem Cell Research and a Ban on Human Cloning stem specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now These embryos would then be destroyed to provide embryonic stem cells. Two methods of obtaining the cells have been described. In one, the embryo is allowed to develop normally for a week or two to the blastocyst stage, at or after the usual time of implantation in the mothers womb; then this embryo, consisting of hundreds of cells, is dissected for its stem cells. The other method is to introduce molecular signals into the embryos environment to trick its cells into departing from normal development and instead producing a mass of undifferentiated tissue, which can then be reprogrammed into various kinds of cells Lee Silver, Remaking Eden: Cloning and Beyond in a Brave New World (Avon Books 1997), p. 128. In either case, the living embryo is destroyed. 2. This avenue for providing medical benefits has been described even by supporters as largely conjectural (J. Kassirer and N. Rosenthal, in New England Journal of Medicine, March 26, 1998, p. 905). President Clintons National Bioethics Advisory Commission called it a rather expensive and far-fetched scenario. The Commission observed: Because of ethical and moral concerns raised by the use of embryos for research purposes it would be far more desirable to explore the direct use of human cells of adult origin to produce specialized cells or tissues for transplantation into patients. The Commission outlined three alternative avenues for promising research using stem cells that do not involve human cloning, two of which do not use human embryos at all (Cloning Human Beings: Report and Recommendations of the National Bioethics Advisory Commission, June 1997, pp. 30-31). The Commissions Alternatives The alternatives outlined by President Clintons Commission are as follows: 1. Generating a few, widely used and well characterized human embryonic stem cell lines, genetically altered to prevent graft rejection in all possible recipients. This would raise its own ethical objections because it may involve producing and destroying some human embryos at the outset; but it does not require somatic cell nuclear transfer, or the creating and destroying of genetically related embryos for each individual patient. 2. Stimulating proliferation and differentiation of the quiescent stem cells which are known to exist in many adult tissues, including even the nervous system. Such stem cells could be customized to each individual patient and would not be from embryonic sources. 3. Identifying methods by which somatic cells could be de-differentiated and then re-differentiated along a particular path. This would permit the growth of specialized cells compatible with a specific individual person for transplantation. While at present this option is considered speculative, its feasibility is now enhanced by the central finding of the research that produced Dolly the sheep: An adult body cell can be de-differentiated surprisingly easily and regressed all the way back to a stage at which it can provide the nucleus for a new developing embryo. The question is: Can this regression be done to a point short of this, so an adult cell becomes the basis for cells that are like embryonic stem cells but never came from an embryo? .uc81f4bfddf9af1203b789246359d1204 , .uc81f4bfddf9af1203b789246359d1204 .postImageUrl , .uc81f4bfddf9af1203b789246359d1204 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc81f4bfddf9af1203b789246359d1204 , .uc81f4bfddf9af1203b789246359d1204:hover , .uc81f4bfddf9af1203b789246359d1204:visited , .uc81f4bfddf9af1203b789246359d1204:active { border:0!important; } .uc81f4bfddf9af1203b789246359d1204 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc81f4bfddf9af1203b789246359d1204 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc81f4bfddf9af1203b789246359d1204:active , .uc81f4bfddf9af1203b789246359d1204:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc81f4bfddf9af1203b789246359d1204 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc81f4bfddf9af1203b789246359d1204 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc81f4bfddf9af1203b789246359d1204 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc81f4bfddf9af1203b789246359d1204 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc81f4bfddf9af1203b789246359d1204:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc81f4bfddf9af1203b789246359d1204 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc81f4bfddf9af1203b789246359d1204 .uc81f4bfddf9af1203b789246359d1204-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc81f4bfddf9af1203b789246359d1204:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: George brenard shaw EssayOther Alternatives (not explicitly cited by the Commission) 4. There are other promising sources of pluripotent (not embryonic) stem cells for treatment of disease. One example is hematopoietic (blood cell producing) stem cells from bone marrow or even from the umbilical cord blood in live births. These cells are already widely used in cancer treatment and in research on treating leukemia and other blood diseases. Their versatility was recently found to be even greater than once thought. For example, given .

Assignment Cover Sheet Essays - Information Technology Management

Assignment Cover Sheet Essays - Information Technology Management Assignment Cover Sheet Qualification Module Number and T itle HND in Business Management BHND5202: Operations Management Student N ame No. Assessor Mr. Janaka Upendra Hand out date Submission Date 03rd March 2017 Assessment type Coursework Duration/Length of Assessment Type Individual 3000 words Weighting of Assessment 50% Learner declaration I, .certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged. Marks A warded First assessor IV marks Agreed grade Signature of the assessor Date Feedback Form International College of Business Technology Module: BHND5202: Operations Management Student: Assessor: Mr. Janaka Upendra Assignment: Coursework - Individual Report Strong features of your work: Strong features of your work: Areas for improvement: Areas for improvement: Marks Awarded: Marks Awarded: Coursework - Individual Report Learning outcomes covered Understand the strategic role of operations management in sustaining firm's competitive advantages Understand the competitive priorities in product and service design Understand the interdependence of the operations function with the other key functional areas of a firm Scenario and the Task Scenario Operations management is a business function responsible for planning, coordinating and controlling the resources needed to produce a company's goods or services. Visit any service or manufacturing organization of your choice. Keenly observe the existing operations and collect data related to following learning outcomes. Identify the business, strategic framework of the business , the operations and e xplain why operations management is impor tant for the organization. (10 Marks) Study their operations strategy and d escribe the per formance objectives which they have prioritized out of cost; dependability; flexibility; quality and speed . Understand the link between operations management and strategic planning. Further discuss the internal and external benefits of excelling in these performance objectives. (3 0 Marks) E valuate the approach of the selected organization for below operation functions and derive recommendations for improvements. Select only five functions. Facility layouts P r ocess selection Linear programming Process flow charts P roject management Q uality assurance/ control (5 0 Marks) Prepare a proper report on the above mentioned tasks, not exceeding 3 000 words . (10 words) Assessment Criteria This submission will be assessed as follows Total marks Allocated Marks obtained by the student for the answer provided 1 Identify the business, strategic framework of the business, the operations and explain why operations management is important for the organization. 10-09 Has clearly identified the business, strategic framework of the business, the operations AND has clearly explained why operations management is important for the organization. AND effective judgments are evident with critical analysis 08-07 Has clearly identified the business, strategic framework of the business, the operations AND has clearly explained why operations management is important for the organization. Noted judgments BUT lack of critical analysis 06-05 Has averagely identified the business, strategic framework of the business, the operations AND has averagely explained why operations management is important for the organization. BUT lack of effective judgments. 04-03 Has averagely identified the business, strategic framework of the business, the operations BUT has weakly explained why operations management is important for the organization. AND no effective judgments. 02-00 Has weakly identified the business, strategic framework of the business, the operations AND has weakly explained why operations management is important for the organization. AND no effective judgments. 2. Study their operations strategy and describe the performance objectives which they have prioritized out of cost; dependability; flexibility; quality and speed. Understand the link between operations management and strategic planning. Further discuss the internal and external benefits of excelling in these performance objectives. 30-25 Effective judgments are evident in understanding the link between operations management and strategic planning further in identifying the performance objectives which they have prioritized. And has clearly described those performance objectives and internal and external benefits of excelling in these performance objectives. 24-19 Judgments are evident in the relevant places BUT which are not effective. AND has clearly described those performance objectives AND internal and external benefits of excelling in these performance objectives. 18-13 Lack of effective judgments is evident BUT has clearly described those performance objectives and internal and external benefits of excelling in these performance objectives. 12-07 No effective judgments are evident. BUT has averagely described those performance objectives AND internal and external benefits of excelling in these performance objectives. 06-00 No effective judgments are evident. AND has weakly described those performance objectives and internal and external benefits of excelling in these performance objectives. 3.1 Function 01 Critically evaluate the approach of the selected organization for below operation

Conceptual Framework of Super Dry Company Essay

Conceptual Framework of Super Dry Company - Essay Example This understanding can be done through carrying out interviews, use of questionnaires, reading different journals on the development of these stores. Interviews are carried out in understanding on the views of different individuals on the development of the store. Questionnaires help in understanding the opinions of individuals on the quality of products that this company produces. These questionnaires can be necessary to the researcher and the company at large; this is because the company will learn about different tastes and preferences of the consumers. The management of the company is a crucial factor to consider in this study. The management is to be transparent if at all an organization is to succeed in realizing its set goals. The social structure of the organization is to well defined where there is a free and healthy environment conducive to the workers (Hasegawaoru, 2002, p. 63). Hypothesis and variables Hypothesis is necessary the testing of different variables to ensure a ccurate data from a research. If super dry stores come up with the appropriate strategy of carrying out its operations then it will maintain its success in attracting more customers worldwide. (Hoover, 2000, p. 47) In addition to that if it is able to deal with its challenges effectively then it will be able to maintain a healthy competitive environment. Dependable variable- success. Independent variable- challenges. Literature review This store has been able to formulate different strategies. Among these strategies has to reach wide range customers all over the world and this has been done through the expansion of its company. Creating more stores that can allow easy access to products by customers in Europe. Another strategy is producing goods according to the customers’ preference and tastes. Checking on the prices of goods is another strategy that has been applied by this store this is done by observing the economic background of the target customers, the affordability of the products (Kare-Silver, 2011, p. II2). The super dry store has been popular through the nature of their products, they produce extraordinary products that are unique than their competitors in the business of fashion. This, therefore, attracts more customers to the products produced. It was noted that communication is an important factor to consider for a company’s success. Good communication should be encouraged between buyers and sellers, management and the workers and finally, there should be good communication between the workers as a whole. Information should be clearly communicated to different specifics. For instance rules, and regulations of an organization should be clearly communicated to the staff members.

Partnerships between the United States and Morocco Effect Essay

Partnerships between the United States and Morocco Effect - Essay Example The essay "Partnerships between the United States and Morocco Effect" overviews the ways to support the partnership between the USA and Morocco in order to ensure the economic development, stability and security along the coast of Morocco. Morocco hosted a meeting that was aimed at addressing security concerns along the coast of Morocco. The U.S. Naval Forces Europe-Africa and Royal Moroccan Navy's attended the meeting to launch a joint commitment to regional that would ensure that country remains economically stable with the assurance of a security in the coastline. Security along the coast is a factor that the Moroccan government is interested in ensuring that trade in the region is not compromised and the country’s command of trade in North Africa remains beneficial to the Economy. The guided-missile frigate USS Simpson joined the deputy chief of strategy, resources, and plans at the meeting where they visited Casablanca, Morocco, for the three-day meeting. Most of the leaders at the launch made it known to the delegates that a strong sense of teamwork was required if they were true to the faith of meeting any force protection plan. With such comments from the leaders in both countries, it was clear that the talks between the prospective naval forces would strengthen their ties to each other and ensure that their goal of maritime security is met. Simpson’s commanding officer informed the delegates that his crew was committed to working hand in hand with the forces in Morocco. for a join affiliation that would see the interests of both parties brought to book. Such a move would promote peaceful coexistence, maintain security and stability and boost trade in the region. With Milliken’s confident assurance to the African nation, he made it clear that although it was his crew’s first time in Morocco, they were willing dock along the shores of Morocco because their ship was ready to cruise for an operation of such import ance. The U.S. ambassador to Morocco, Samuel Kaplan, was equally impressed by the hospitality displayed between the U.S. and Morocco. He viewed this as a show of unity, commitment and devotion of the hardworking men and women of the navy. Morocco does not often receive a lot of visits from the American forces except on special occasions organized to meet a well thought for objective that has a bearing to either or both of the economies. The meeting was the most opportune moment for the delegates to visit Morocco and come to terms with the beautiful sceneries that the country had to offer. Among the famous sites that could not go unnoticed by the delighted delegates were the Hassan II mosque and the legendary Rick's Cafe. U.S. Chamber Leads Delegation of U.S. Companies to Morocco A partnership in the Energy and development sectors is the most opportune way for Morocco to reduce unemployment and boost its renewable energy capacity. Morocco planned to host a professional meeting that w ould bring together eleven companies that comprised of the First Solar as well as the General Dynamics. The others included Harris Corp. together with Honeywell International. Objectively, the meeting sought to find decisive ideas that would hasten the economic development of Morocco and in the long-run create jobs to the unemployed citizens in their economy. The meeting was intended to involve two major signing ceremonies which were to be presided over by Minister of Equipment and Transport, Aziz Rabbah. Job creation is one of the major ways of reducing unemployment rates which characterize a number of third world countries including Morocco. The move to bring into the economy talks that would hopefully result into construction of a port along the shores of Morocco was a way in which the country had intended to reduce unemployment rates. This move was commendable because it was aimed at benefiting both Morocco and the U.S. Apart from Morocco, it would provide jobs in the United Sta tes as well to skilled personnel who would be participate in building and construction of the port and the

Endodontic Surgery (Apicoectomy)

Endodontic Surgery (Apicoectomy) In this modern times patient increasingly wish to preserve their natural dentition and often reluctant to get there teeth extracted . Endodontic surgery (apicoectomy) is the treatment performed on the root apices of an infected tooth, and its resection and removal of pathological tissues around the apices followed by placement of a filling (retrofilling) to seal the root end. Endodontic surgery offers patient a second chance or the final chance to save there tooth. Success of Root end surgery had a poor prognosis and success rate in the past but due to recent advances Endontics due to the surgical operating microscope and new tecniques the rate is much higher than before success Its indications are as follows 1 RCT treated tooth that has severe periapical inflammation despite of a satisfactory RCT 2 Tooth with persistant periapical inflammation and inadequate RCT and has the following problems a Severely curved root canals where access is an issue to reach the apex b Completely calcified root canals C Presence of post and cores in root d Breakage of small instrument or filling material where it is not retrievable and an infection is still present in the apical region. Teeth with periapical inflammation where completion of endodontic therapy due to 1 Foreign body present in the periapical tissues 2 Perforation of the inferior wall of the pulp chamber 3 Perforation of the root 4 Fracture of the apical third of the root 5 Dental anomalies (Dense in Dente ) 6 Access for periradicular curettage A non healing endodontic lesion is recognized by persistent pain and/or swelling, possibly with radiographic changes indicating increasing periapical bone loss. Non healing endodontically treated teeth that do not appear to be healing are not automatic indications for extraction and replacement with an implant. Persistent nonhealing cases can be saved by endodontic microsurgery with a predictably favorable prognosis Nonsurgical endodontic treatment has a high rate of clinical success despite the anatomic and pathologic challenges of the procedure. Success in case of tooth without periapical extension of pathosis is more than 90%. On the other hand, studies show that infected root canals with an extension of pathosis into the periapical space have a reduced healing capacity . previously the conventional endosurgery has very low success rate . it was recorded as low as 37.4 % but now with recent advancement in endodontic surgery the success rate has improved significantly. According to a study conducted by shimon Friedman and Chaim Mor ( success of endodontic therapy -healing and functionality) in patients were endodontic surgery is performed the chances of healing after retreatment is between 74 to 86 %and their chance of being functional overtime is 91 to 97 % .Another study ( modern endodontic surgery concept and practice by syngcuk Kim and Samuel Kratchman)said that the traditonal apical surge rybased on clinical symptoms and radiographic findings ranges from 44% to 90%.it has even higher success rate with the endodontic microsurgery. . According to another study (outcome of surgical endodontic treatment performed by a modern technique A meta anlysis conducted by Igor Tsesis , Surgical endodontic treatment have a success rate of 91 .4 % when followed up in a year time . According toa study named Outcome of endodontic micro re- surgery by Minju song and team à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. When an endodontic surgery fails we need to identify the problem and find the reason for failure. To solve the problem further treatment like retreatment with surgery and, extraction are the viable options. Some studies in the past have documented poor success rate if we have to redo a failed surgery again. But this study said that with the new microscope and microsurgical devices the success rate can be as high as 92.9 %. Most of the reason for failure is poor technique,poor seal at the apical region and not using biocompatible materials like MTA and super PBA in the past. In another recent study it was found that, at least in America, endodontic surgery was the least expensive intervention for failed RCT when compared to endodontic re-treatment and crown, extraction and fixed partial denture, or extraction and implant (Kim Solomon, 2011). When primary `endodontic treatment fails retreatment should be done and when retreated and if there is severe inflammation in the periapical tissues then endo surgery can be an option using advance techniqies and good operationg skill can add to the success of endo surgery. 1 Microscope The microscope will provide good visualization, identification and treatment of infected canals, isthmuses and variant anatomy not reachable with traditional instrumentation techniques. Microscope can reach to more different locations and narrow spaces, by providing a clear field of vision. Good visualization also prevents damage to anatomical structures. Microscopic techniques significantly decrease complications and expand the case applicability for performing this procedure on teeth adjacent to these structures. With increased magnification and illumination, differentiating the root surface from the surrounding bone is also enhanced .A main cause of nonsurgical endodontic failure results from the inability to clean and sterilize the apical canal space, which is a complex anatomical entity. 2 ultrasonic tips That allow accurate preparation along the long axis of the root canal with clear visualization of the preparation . This technique will allow us to do root-end fillings in the proper position to seal the root canal to sufficient filling depth and thickness to effectively seal the canal, dentinal tubules and accessory canals. Ideal ultrasonic tip length is 3mm long. A minimum of 3mm preparation depth is needed to prevent leakage. 3 Surgical advances A smaller osteotomy will reduce bone removal (approximately 3-4mm) in diameter reduced bone and permits quicker uneventful postoperative healing postoperative healing. By removing less bone in the coronal direction, buccal bone can be preserved and subsequent periodontal sequelae that may lead to the loss of the tooth are prevented. Root-tip resection of 3mm is needed to eliminate lateral canals and apical ramification- A study shows that the resection of 3mm of apex eliminates 98 percent of apical ramifications and 93 percent of lateral canals. Root section bevel angle is reduced to 0 -10 degrees Clear examination of the resected root surfaces for fracture and anoatomical variations Root-end fillings with MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate- It has excellent biocompatibility, osteo- and cemento-inductive capabilities, effective antibacterial and sealing properties, and faster radiographic healing in comparison to SuperEBA and IRM. MTA will not cause soft tissue discoloration that can otherwise result from root-end filling materials like amalgam Magnification Eyes or Loupes (1-4x) Microscope (4-24x) Illumination Dental light Bright focused light Armamentarium Macro-instruments Micro-instruments Osteotomy Size Large (7-10mm diameter) Small (3-3mm diameter) Bevel Angle Acute (45-60 degree) Shallow (0-10 degree) Root-end Preparation Non-axial Axial to long axis of tooth Depth of Root-end prep 1mm non-axial 3mm axial Inspection resected root surface None Always Root-end filling material Amalgam MTA Success rate over 1 year Less than 50% Over 90% Summary There are many factors to consider when choosing to perform microsurgery  on a tooth versus performing other treatment options such as  nonsurgical retreatment or tooth extraction. Fortunately for the patient,  the ability to perform endodontic microsurgery is an effective and highly  successful procedure that produces minimal discomfort, alleviates periradicular  pathosis, maintains restorations and provides for function and  aesthetics as shown in Figure 6.33,34